Codigo Civil Interpretado - Anotado Artigo por artigo



STJ. Compra e venda. Imóvel. Diferença. Área referida. Área real. Equilíbrio. Contrato

Trata-se de ação civil pública interposta pelo Ministério Público do Distrito Federal contra empresa de empreendimento imobiliário objetivando a declaração de nulidade de cláusula de contrato de adesão de compra e venda e a imposição de obrigação de fazer.

A cláusula veda o direito do adquirente à complementação de área ou ao abatimento do preço pago se houver diferença inferior a 5% entre o total da área constante no contrato e a efetiva do imóvel, de acordo com o art. 1.136, parágrafo único, do CC/1916 (correspondente ao art. 500, §§ 1º e 3º, do CC/2002).

Requereu ainda que fosse condenada a recorrida ao pagamento da indenização aos consumidores eventualmente lesados, que ela se abstivesse da inserção de cláusula com igual teor ou semelhante em contratos futuros e que fosse aplicada multa de R$ 15.000,00 quando descumprida essa determinação.

O art. 51, I, do CDC dispõe serem nulas de pleno direito as cláusulas contratuais relativas ao fornecimento de produtos que impossibilitem, exonerem ou atenuem a responsabilidade do fornecedor por vícios de qualquer natureza dos produtos ou impliquem renúncia ou disposição de direito.

Dessarte, na interpretação do contrato, dever-se-á privilegiar o interesse do consumidor - comprador, pois, senão, haverá rompimento no equilíbrio do negócio jurídico.

Assim, a cláusula de tolerância de 5% sobre as dimensões é regra de exceção legal e não pode ser considerada sem uma detida análise do contexto em que a parte pretenda vê-la inserida.

Não se deve valer de uma regra de exceção para obtenção de benefício próprio quando em prejuízo de outrem.

Uma disposição legal não pode ser utilizada para eximir de responsabilidade o contratante que age com notória má-fé em prejuízo da coletividade.

A Turma, por maioria, entendeu que está caracterizado o abuso da empresa de empreendimento imobiliário ao inserir cláusula exoneratória de sua responsabilidade junto ao consumidor, maltratando, dessa forma, o princípio da eqüidade contratual.

Logo, por maioria, deu provimento ao recurso, com a ressalva de que esse entendimento refere-se aos contratos de compra e venda de imóveis que ainda estejam em construção ou que serão posteriormente construídos.

REsp 436.853-DF, Rel. Min. Nancy Andrighi, julgado em 4/5/2006.



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