Codigo Civil Interpretado - Anotado Artigo por artigo

24/02/2010

TJMG. Tutela. Menor. Falecimento dos genitores. Tutela pretendida por parente consanguíneo. Possibilidade. Inteligência dos arts. 1.728 e 1.731 do CC/2002. Realização estudo psicossocial. Imprescindibilidade. Nos termos do art. 1.728 do novo Código Civil, serão colocados em tutela os filhos menores com o falecimento dos pais ou sendo estes julgados ausentes, cuja prioridade para o seu exercício deve ser conferida a eventuais parentes consangüíneos.

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Integra do acórdão
Acórdão: Apelação Cível n. 1.0352.03.011713-4/001, da comarca de Januária.
Relator: Des. Edilson Fernandes.
Data da decisão: 18.10.2005.

EMENTA: CIVIL - FAMÍLIA - MENOR - FALECIMENTO DOS GENITORES - TUTELA PRETENDIDA POR PARENTE CONSANGÜÍNEO - POSSIBILIDADE - INTELIGÊNCIA DOS ARTS. 1.728 E 1.731 DO CÓDIGO CIVIL - REALIZAÇÃO ESTUDO PSICOSSOCIAL - IMPRESCINDIBILIDADE - RECURSO PROVIDO. Nos termos do art. 1.728 do novo Código Civil, serão colocados em tutela os filhos menores com o falecimento dos pais ou sendo estes julgados ausentes, cuja prioridade para o seu exercício deve ser conferida a eventuais parentes consangüíneos.

APELAÇÃO CÍVEL N° 1.0352.03.011713-4/001 - COMARCA DE JANUÁRIA - APELANTE(S): MARIA NAZARE DOS REIS GOIS - RELATOR: EXMO. SR. DES. EDILSON FERNANDES

ACÓRDÃO
(SEGREDO DE JUSTIÇA)
Vistos etc., acorda, em Turma, a 6ª CÂMARA CÍVEL do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Minas Gerais, incorporando neste o relatório de fls., na conformidade da ata dos julgamentos e das notas taquigráficas, à unanimidade de votos, EM DAR PROVIMENTO.
Belo Horizonte, 18 de outubro de 2005.

DES. EDILSON FERNANDES - Relator

NOTAS TAQUIGRÁFICAS

O SR. DES. EDILSON FERNANDES:
VOTO
Trata-se de recurso interposto contra a r. sentença de f. 29/30, proferida nos autos da Ação de Tutela de menor, ajuizada por MARIA NAZARÉ DOS REIS GOIS, que julgou extinto o processo sem julgamento de mérito, nos termos do art. 267, VI, do Código de Processo Civil.
Em suas razões, sustenta a autora, em síntese, que a sentença não apreciou toda a documentação anexada aos autos; que o genitor da menor, antes do seu falecimento, autorizou por escritura pública à requerente que exercesse a tutela pretendida; que a apelante vem dispensando a menor todos os carinhos inerentes à adolescente e, por fim, que a concessão da tutela à autora é imprescindível para regularizar o benefício previdenciário junto ao INSS (f. 32/33).
Presentes os pressupostos de admissibilidade, conheço do recurso.
Cuida-se, na espécie, de ação proposta por Maria Nazaré dos Reis Gois, com o escopo de obter a tutela da menor Tatiele Alves Rodrigues, em virtude do falecimento de seus genitores.
O MM. Juiz da causa ao proferir a sua r. sentença, houve por extinguir o processo sem julgamento do mérito, por ausência de interesse de agir, ao dispor que:
"Analisando os autos, verifico faltar à autora o interesse de agir. (...) No caso em tela, não existe a adequação supra mencionada, pois nos termos do artigo 36 do ECA, o deferimento da tutela pressupõe a prévia decretação da perda ou suspensão do pátrio poder, hoje denominado poder familiar. (...). Nos termos da inicial, a mãe da menor faleceu, mas seu pai se encontra vivo, embora não esteja presente, ressaltando que tal fato não extingue o poder familiar, nos termos do art. 1.635 do C.C." (f. 30).
Como se sabe, a tutela é o instituto levado a efeito em favor do menor que não se encontra sob o poder familiar, através do qual uma pessoa maior e capaz é investida dos poderes necessários à sua proteção, assumindo de forma efetiva as prerrogativas e deveres do poder familiar.
No caso em tela, observa-se dos elementos de prova coligidos aos autos, que a menor em questão é órfã, posto que seus genitores faleceram em 06 de março de 2.000 (genitora) e 09 de dezembro de 2.002 (genitor), conforme certidões de óbito acostadas às fls. 26 e 27 dos autos, sendo certo que aquele último faleceu durante o trâmite regular do processo.
Determina a norma do art. 1.728 do novo Código Civil que:
"Os filhos menores são postos em tutela:
I - com o falecimento dos pais, ou sendo estes julgados ausentes;
II - em caso de os pais decaírem do poder familiar" (Grifei).
Observa-se, portanto, que o pleito formulado pela autora fundamenta-se no inciso I, do citado dispositivo legal.
Por sua vez, dispõe a norma do art. 36, do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente:
"A tutela será deferida, nos termos da lei civil, a pessoa de até vinte e um anos incompletos.
Parágrafo único. O deferimento da tutela pressupõe a prévia decretação da perda ou suspensão do pátrio poder e implica necessariamente o dever de guarda".
Aliás, a norma do art. 1.731, do Estatuto Civil pátrio, preconiza a prioridade, para o exercício da tutela, dos parentes consangüíneos do menor, o que é efetivamente o caso dos autos.
Por fim, cumpre-me asseverar que em casos que tais subsume-se imprescindível a realização de estudo psicossocial, a fim de salvaguardar eventuais direitos do menor.
A propósito, guardadas as devidas similitudes do caso em concreto, já tive a oportunidade de me manifestar sobre o referido estudo, notadamente no julgamento da Apelação Cível n.º 1.0024.04.507474-7/001, da minha relatoria, cuja decisão restou sedimentada nos seguintes termos:
"AÇÃO DE REGULAMENTAÇÃO DE VISITAS - ANTECIPAÇÃO DE TUTELA - MANUTENÇÃO DO CONVÍVIO ENTRE PAI E FILHO - VISITAS EM DOMINGOS ALTERNADOS - MENOR EM IDADE TENRA - DECISÃO DE CARÁTER PROVISÓRIO. Mostra-se desnecessário e impertinente o afastamento de pai e filho quando inexistem nos autos quaisquer elementos que apontem a possibilidade deste convívio acarretar dano ou prejuízo ao menor. A elaboração de um estudo psicossocial é requisito indispensável para o convencimento do Julgador acerca da adaptação do menor em um novo ambiente, fora de seu domicílio" (6ª C. Cív., "DJ": 15/04/2005). Grifei.
DOU PROVIMENTO AO RECURSO, para reconhecendo o interesse de agir da autora, cassar a sentença e determinar o retorno dos autos a instância de origem para o seu regular processamento, inclusive com a realização de estudo psicossocial.
Sem custas.
Votaram de acordo com o(a) Relator(a) os Desembargador(es): BATISTA FRANCO e JOSÉ DOMINGUES FERREIRA ESTEVES.
SÚMULA : DERAM PROVIMENTO.
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